Delhi Darbar (1911)

In the beginning of December in 1911, British king George -V and queen Mary visited India, he was the first British ruler to visit India. On 12th December 1911, a grand coronation ceremony was organised in Delhi. The main declaration of Lord Harding on behalf of the Emperor at Delhi Darbar were:

1). Transfer of capital from Calcutta to Delhi.

2). Partition of Bengal was cancelled.

3). Orissa and Bihar became states.

4). A Province was formed by joining all Bengali speaking.

Immediately after the Delhi darbar, George V led the foundation stone of new capital. Transfer of  capital from Calcutta to Delhi took place in 1912. The real reason for shifting the capital was political, to reduce  the importance of Calcutta; the focal point of movement against partition of Bengal.

Carlyle Circular (22 October 1905)

Thomas Carlyle

When the Indian youth started opposing the western education against partition of Bengal, then the chief secretary of Bengal, Carlyle issued a declaration known as Carlyle circulation, on 22 october 1905.

According to the circular - "If any college violates the government order and the student quits the educational institution then no assistance will be provided by the government to the institute." It was termed the declaration of slavery.

The National College of Bengal was established  on the lines of Tagore's Shantinekatan and its first principal was Aurobindo Ghosh. At this time Bengal Technical College was established and National Education Council was constituted on 15th August 1906.

Indian Society of Oriental Arts was founded in 1906.
According to S.N. Bannerjee "The Swadeshi Movement was not only an economic or political movement but was an omnipresent movement closely associated with our entire national life".
According to Mahatma Gandhi "The real revival of India started with the partition of Bengal".
Acharya P.C. Rai founded "Bengal Chemical Store / Swadeshi Factory"

Swadeshi Movement

To oppose the partition of Bengal, it was decided to promote Swadeshi and boycott British goods. On 7th August, it was decided to boycott British goods at Townhall, Calcutta (now Kolkata). On 28th September 1905, this resolution of boycott was repeated at Kalighat temple.

Some prominent leaders who led Swadeshi movement at different places in India were :

Bal Gangadhar Tilak -- Poona and Bombay,

Ajit Singh and Lal Lajpat -- Punjab and Uttar Pradesh

Syed Haider Raja -- Delhi

Chitambaram Pillai -- Madras.

An important aspect of Swadeshi movement was self dependance. "What we could not achieve in last 50 years, I have achieved in last 6 months. The partition of Bengal has took us here. The shameful event like division of Bengal gave birth to Swadeshi and great national movement."--S. Adul Rasheed (chairman of Barisal conference in 1906).

The Benares session of congress under the chairmanship of Gokhale in 1905 supported the Swadeshi and boycott of partition of Bengal.

The Extremists like Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh wanted to distribute this movement in the whole country, they were not satisfied with only Swadeshi and Boycott movement, they wanted to give it a political form. Now the aim was Swaraj but Moderates were not ready for it.

The most important organization in mobilizing the public opinion in favor of Swadeshi movement was 'Swades Bandhav Samiti' under the leadership of Aswani Kumar Dutta.